The Effects Of Television Violence On Children - 1552 Words

The average American aged 15 and older, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, watches for leisure 2.8 hours of television a day. There is the constant outcry from parents and teachers that children are growing to be television-obsessed zombies, or that the exposure to violence from their favorite shows are going to cause aggressive actions. But if that is true, then how is it that we as adults are able to stop ourselves from murdering everyone we see, especially if we have so many television programs with violence as a feature? The effect that television violence has on us does not come out in our behavior so much as our beliefs around the world. One of the often-joked rules of television is that sex and violence sells. It may be said tongue-in-cheek, and yet we see it all the time in advertising, movies, or television. When asked for shows in regards of violence an incredible list immediately springs to mind: Criminal Minds, Law and Order, CSI, Blue Bloods, Sons of Anarchy, and more. Even as children, there is a great exposure to violence--mainly for humor’s sake. Think of the classic Tom and Jerry show, or how often Wile E. Coyote was hurt in his dogged pursuit of the Road Runner. This exposure to violence even goes as far as to the news programs. It is the case more often than not to report on the negatives happening in the world around us than the positives. Why? People tend to be more interested in seeing the world burn than grow. I know that I as a viewer haveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Television Violence on Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shortly after a Boston television station showed a movie depicting teenagers dousing a derelict with gasoline and setting him afire, six youths attacked a woman and set her on fire in an identical manner. Several months later, NBC televised Born Innocent, a made-for-television- movie, which showed the sexual violation of a young girl with a broom handle. Three days after this program aired, a group of girls committed a similar attack on another 9-year-old girl (â€Å"Wild† A20). These are justRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1735 Words   |  7 Pageswatches approximately 23 hours of television weekly. Children spend more time watching TV than doing any other leisure activity. By the time they finish high school, most have spent more time in front of the TV than in the classroom (Strasburger, 1995). On average, a child will see 18,000 murders, robberies, bombings, assaults, and beatings in their years of watching television (Liebowitz, 1997). Not to mention all the food commercials. In today s society, the television is used for more than just entertainmentRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today violence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence children is nothingRead MoreEffects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Television Violence Program on Children Now more and more violence television shows appear on the screen. A lot of television shows will remind that is available for certain range of audience. Of course, elementary school student, mostly watch cartoon. However, the television production people will add violence into the show. This study aimed to demonstrate the gender-specific impact of violence-oriented television cartoons for children, and to identify the behaviors demonstrating thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThis guest teaches your children to resolve conflicts through violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. IfRead MoreEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision has become one of the most, if not the most, used form of entertainment for all ages. Every TV show has some kind of age limit whether it’s rated G or R, it’s not always easy for parents to moderate what their children are watching. Young children are very moldable, not only by the people around them, but what is on TV. I have conducted an experiment to see how much violence and aggression are in everyday television shows that children are likely to watch. I have watched three differentRead MoreThe Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages Thesis Statement: Unsupervised children who watch violence on television exhibit violence in their everyday lives and develop into aggressive adults. â€Å"Research shows that television violence increases levels of aggression, fear, and desensitization among some who consume it† (Hamilton). This quotation by James Hamilton briefly summarizes the potentially negative effects of television on young minds. A child’s favorite television show can keep a child occupied while the mother preparesRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Television Violence on Children712 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effects of Television Violence on Children According to the Article ?Violence on Television? published by the American Psychological Association at the website http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/violence.html, ?violent programs on television lead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs.? Thats the word from a 1982 report by the National Institute of Mental Health, a report that confirmed and extended an earlier study done by the Surgeon General. As a result of

Rome End of Paganism And Dawn of Christianity Essay

The city of Rome was and is one of the most well-known cities of the world. It has always lured in huge visitors for its attraction for the elaborate Pagan temples or for the eloquent Cathedrals of the Rome. Now the city is known for being the center of the catholic faith. The city is interesting in a way that, it has not always been a Catholic hotspot. The city was originally under the control of the Romans who worshiped Pagan Gods. The Romans believed that Rome was a holy city chosen by their Gods (Cowling). The switch from being a Pagan centered place to a Christian centered place was not as easy transition for the city. It took time and perseverance. As the Christian influence started to build up, the face of the Roman city started to†¦show more content†¦After each victory they would build a temple in thanksgiving to a God (Cowling). For example Temple of Capitoline Jupiter built by Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus (one started the and other completed) in hono r of the victory against Sabines (Platner 1929).. Then each emperor would build a forum to mark his leadership(Shape of the Rome August 15, 2013). This is was layout of the city when Christianity started to sprout out of the city. Since Christianity was not so popular at that time and also there was barely any place left in the initially city for a church to be built, the churches were built outside the city itself (Shape of the Rome August 15, 2013). The Roman people were aware of this new religion but they did not consider it was problem to their survival. Tides started to change quickly, many pagan followers started following this new religion. This then caught the attention of the rulers; particularly when these newly converted Christians denied acknowledging the emperor as God. This created distaste for the emperor towards Christianity (Cowling). During the Great Fire in 640 AD, Emperor Nero claimed the Christians as the reason for the fire (Roman empire in the first century 2006). He blamed the Christians neglection of the Roman God’s as the cause for the fire. This led to the era of persecution and a huge eruption of evangelization by the Christians. Christianity in Rome exponentially grew afterShow MoreRelated Pagan History Essay2518 Words   |  11 Pages Pagan History Paganism is a loose word for the large variety of polytheistic, shamanistic, and mystical non-monotheistic religions. Paganism exists in all cultures, from paleolithic to technological, but has historically waxed and waned. The ancient Egyptians are an example of a highly pagan society; so are the ancient Romans; and all paleolithic cultures from the Old Stone Age to the present have strong pagan elements. An example of a less pagan culture would be the West for the last thousandRead MoreEssay The Pagan Faith and Christian Holidays3419 Words   |  14 Pages Religions are like empires. Some religions are small and quickly get absorbed in others. Some are relatively new, such as Christianity. Some are very old, as Judaism is. They can begin in the most unlikely places and spread quickly through the countryside.    When religion is thought of as an empire, it easily shows growth and reformation in ideas. Christianity began only two thousand years ago, but has already grown to become one of the worlds major religions. It began in PalestineRead More The Anglo-Saxon poems, The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Wife’s Lament3469 Words   |  14 PagesWife’s Lament,† are three examples how literature is mimetic, for they capture the culture’s heroic beliefs of Fame and Fate, the culture’s societal structure, and religious struggle of the Old English time period: making the transition from paganism to Christianity. In order to understand how these poems mirror the Anglo-Saxons’ lives, one must know a little history about the culture. In the fifth century, the inhabitants of the island of Britain hired German mercenaries to defend them against theirRead MoreChristianity as a Unifying Influence in the History of Europe6059 Words   |  25 PagesChristianity as a Unifying Influence in the History of Europe Europe was a Christian creation, not only in essence but in minute detail The above statement can perhaps best sum up the relationship between Christianity and Europe throughout the ages. Christianity has been the strongest single influence in the history of Europe. Regardless of the century, no discussion would be complete without reference being made, at least in small part, to the Church. It is true that in recent centuries

“A Sound of Thunder” and “Nethergrave” free essay sample

A Sound of Thunder† by Ray Bradbury and â€Å"Nethergrave† by Gloria Skurzynski were good, well-written science fiction stories. Both stories used technology to greatly change the life of the main characters. â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† involved dinosaurs and a time machine in which the characters used to go back in time. The time machine was built to go to the stories set in a jungle, sixty million years in the past. In â€Å"Nethergrave†, the main character, Jeremy, chooses to get sucked into the virtual world instead of staying the real world after having a quite embarrassing and lonely day. This stories setting seemed to be in the present time but did not say for sure. The climax in â€Å"Nethergrave† was when all Jeremy’s online friend had left him and he got a message from someone telling him to turn on his mic. I didn’t know what was going to happen or what the man wanted from Jeremy. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† and â€Å"Nethergrave† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He made the decision to leave the real world of being ignored and bullied to go somewhere he was promised never to be abandoned. The climax in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† was when the men were on the time machine returning to the present time. I thought this was the most suspenseful time because I knew Eckels had walked off the path he was forbidden to leave and I was waiting to read if that small action had really affected the future. Both the stories’ climaxes made me wonder what was going to happen next. One of the themes in the â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† is that one small bad action can lead up to a massive destruction. I think a theme for â€Å"Nethergrave† is that when the reality is tough, it is easy to make poor decisions that seem to make it better. Both themes are ideal to remember because they go hand in hand. If you think about it, the theme in â€Å"Nethergrave† is saying if life is hard, then it is easier to make a poor decision, and if you make a poor decision, than it can affect yourself or others like the theme is in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder†.Both of these short stories show how technology can be extremely dangerous. Advancements in technology are being made every day. Even though these are science fiction stories, I think the dangers of technology from the stories might actually be possible in the future. Both stories kept me wanting to keep reading, but â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† was more effective than â€Å"Nethergrave† in my opinion. It had better characterization in describing the charters, a more relatable theme had more description, and helped the readers get familiar with the setting. The last line of Bradbury’s story, â€Å"There was a sound of thunder†, made me sit dazed for a moment, questioning if he really did kill Eckels. Overall, I thought it had more exciting action and was my favorite of the two.

Adam Smith1 Essay Example For Students

Adam Smith1 Essay The accumulation of capital and the division of labor are what Adam Smith believed to be the driving forces of economic growth in any nation. Smith found that when the division of labor had broken down the production of almost any commodity into a series of simple operations it was more natural for tools and machinery to be invented that replace hand labor and expedite the entire production process, thereby increasing worker productivity. This increased productivity combines with the growing capital stock to increse national output which enables society enjoy higher levels of consumption, constituting a genuine rise in the wealth of the nation according to Smith. Smiths theory of economic growth can be formulated in a simple algerbraic equation. Where G equals the growth rate, K equals the ratio of productive to unproductive labor, P equals the productivity rate and W equals the real wage: From this equation it becomes clear that for growth to occur, the product of the ratio of productive to unproductive labor and the productivity rate must increase more than the real wage. It would seem obvious that an easy way to do this would be to avoid any increase in the real wage, and indeed this view was accepted by many later classical economists who assumed that the nation had nothing to gain from an increase in wages. This was not Smiths view at all. If an increase in capital enlarges the wages fund from which workers workers are paid, and if this increase is greater than the increase in the number of laborers, than it is only natural for the real wage to increase. On top of that Smith was a believer in what modern economists call the efficiency wage theories which hold that higher wages both enhance the vitality of the workers and reduce employee slacking and labor turnover, the latter two of which lower productivity and profitability. In the equation above it the product of K and P that is responsible for economic growth. It would appear then that K, the ratio of productive to unproductive labor, and P, the productivity rate are equally important factors in this determinance. However, Smith says that this is not so. The ratio of productive to unproductive labor does not change much over time, says Smith. The productivity rate is therefore almost entirely accountable for changes in a nations economic well being. The division of labor is the central factor in Smiths theory of economic growth and it is this development which leads to an increase in productivity and spurs the entire growth cicle. With this being the case and with K being more or less a constant, one wonders why Smith chose to include the ratio of productive to unproductive labor in this equation if not why he chose to make a distinction in productive and unproductive labor at all. The distinction between productive and unproductive labor is not a distinction that Adam Smith was the first to make. Smith was an admirer of the Physiocratic school of thought. He said of Physiocracy that, with all its imperfections, it was, the nearest approximation to the truth that has yet been published upon the subject of political economy. There were many representatives of the Physiocratic school of thought but the most modern of them all was surely Anne Robert Jaques Turgot. In chapter 8 of his great work, Reflections, Turgot too makes a distinction between laborers when he writes, Here then we have the whole society dividedinto two classes, both which are occupied in work. But one of these, through its labour, produces or rather extracts from the land wealth which is continually renascentThe other, engaged in preparing the produced materials, sells its labor to the first and recieves its subsistence in exchange. In other words one class of workers actually produces something and another class provides services for those products as well as for the producers themselves. .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 , .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .postImageUrl , .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 , .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:hover , .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:visited , .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:active { border:0!important; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:active , .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953 .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05cfb1ae71d71e072c86c8b0a8fdf953:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Making Fun Of Optimism, Religion And Greed Essay Smiths distinction is very similar. It lies in the theory that productive labor stores its product in a tangible commodity with inherant market value. On the other hand, unproductive labor merely offers a service and does not result in the tangibility of any good. The distinction between productive and unproductive labor is of no relevance in society today. If it were than the vast majority of society would have to be considered unproductive because the industries of artificers, manufactures and merchants, which Smith proclaimed to be the only productive laborers, are so heavily machinated that only a small protion of the population is needed to be employed in them. Todays affluent western societies are heavily dependent on services and certainly could not exist without them. But Smith did not deny the usefullness of the service sector he simply gave productive labor greater weight in factoring the economic growth of a society. Yet, by the modern meaning of the term productive Smiths Physiocratic distinction is in error. Value is the only factor that counts in modern economics and both kinds of labor produce valuable quantities.Bibliography:Bibliography1. Heilbroner, Robert, Teachings From The Worldly philosophy, 1st ed. (Norton, 1997)

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The Writing Guide for a Proper Medicine Term Paper

The Writing Guide for a Proper Medicine Term Paper The essential objectives of higher education are to prepare students for their professional career, teach them to think independently and install the skills necessary to perform scientific research. Therefore, at the end of an academic course, a professor might give the assignment to write a standard research paper. It is also called an academic term paper. However, this type of essay is not necessarily as large as scholarly papers or dissertations, as some high school or college students think. Writing a term paper is not a hard and monotonous task. On the contrary, writing can give an opportunity to delve deeper into the research topic and help develop essential skills needed for future scientific work in the academic field. Certainly, writing a medicine essay may seem like a challenging task by itself, especially if a potential writer has problems with articulating or writing down thoughts. Some students who are writing their first term paper can be intimidated by the complex task ahead of them. However, even if a person thinks that he or she cannot do it or do not know where to start, following a simple guideline and several necessary medicine term paper writing tips and prompts will help develop some essential skills for academic writing, as well as the essential knowledge regarding a medicine term paper format of writing. The Research Stage: Choosing a Suitable Topic Generally, a topic for medicine term paper depends on students’ personal interests and must be relevant to the academic course. Sometimes, a professor can give suggestions for an appropriate research subject that will reflect students aspirations for a research paper. Moreover, the course curriculum might require the medicine term paper to cover a particular issue or a specific disease. There are several examples of general topics for medical term research: Antidepressants The history of discovery, research regarding antidepressant drugs, how they became commonly accepted way of depression treatment, or description of widely used types of antidepressants and their effectiveness. It is straightforward, but an interesting and extensive topic. The Dangers of Substance Abuse This issue is suitable for health-related research where an author can describe the dangers of drug or alcohol abuse and related medical conditions. Moreover, a term paper can be aimed at the analysis of the problem and present suitable alternatives for its solution. Alzheimer’s Disease Because this medical condition can be severely debilitating and large number of people have relatives suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, close examination of this topic will help understand etiology and symptoms of the disease. Vaccination Nowadays, it is a widely discussed topic in social media that becomes a significant dilemma for some parents. The medicine term paper focusing on this issue could discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccination, as well as reflect personal opinions and conclusions of the author. Modern Diseases Medical specialists consider several diseases to be specific to the modern community and connected to pollution and global warming. This topic can be explored by explaining how recent changes in environment and lifestyle affect the physical and mental health of an individual. Also, it is possible to make a note of these examples of bad topics: What to Do with Alcoholism? The Cure for Cancer; How to Prolong Human Life; Telekinesis and Brain. Defining a Topic and Developing a Research Question After choosing a topic that fits the sphere of interests of a student, he or she needs to formulate a research question and the goals of the research. A medicine term paper should be focused on specific issues or aimed to find an answer to a particular question. This is a first essential step to writing an academic paper because it will be challenging, or even impossible, to perform and describe medical research without identified and understood objectives. Therefore, to write a comprehensive medical essay, a student should analyze the information and decide on a suitable research objective. Moreover, after formulating a research question, a writer will be able to plan an outline and define a title for a medicine term paper. The list of research questions is based on previously presented examples of medical essay topics: What are the advantages of SSRIs over other antidepressants in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder? In this case, a term paper will be focused on the effects of specific types of antidepressants on the condition of OCD patients. For example, it can present a comparison between SSRI and Clomipramine treatment plans and its outcomes. Based on the knowledge from the college course and information obtained during research what is students’ opinion on the problem of alcoholism? In this essay, it is possible to analyze recent data regarding alcohol abuse in a particular region or country and reflect on issues it introduces in the society. Is it possible to effectively predict the onset of Alzheimer’s disease with the help of MRI? A term research paper based on this narrow topic will analyze existing research aimed at the early diagnosis of the Alzheimer’s disease. It will also attempt to assess MRI’s efficiency in the diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of this medical condition. Can potential side-effects of vaccinations outweigh outcomes of life-threatening diseases that could have been prevented by the scheduled shots? While this research topic might be controversial, the importance of immunization cannot be overstated. Therefore, an author could evaluate the benefits and possible hazards of vaccination in this medicine term paper. How did an increase in CO2 emission in the last 20 years affect the health of the urban population in the USA? This research question presents the author with an opportunity to address the impact of human-made environmental changes on population health in a specific country. A student could also provide his or her solutions to the problem in this medical term paper. Reading Relevant Literature and Finding Sources for Medicine At this stage, a writer should study primary literature and obtain general information relevant to the topic of the term paper. To answer the chosen research question, a researcher could use information from encyclopedias, textbooks, dictionaries, academic reviews, articles on the Internet. Thus, it will allow understanding the background and important nuances of the chosen research subject. Moreover, a writer will have an opportunity to investigate the conclusions of previous researches on the topic. This stage should not be ignored. Otherwise, it will be difficult to make a coherent plan. Making a Plan or an Outline of a Research Paper When a student gets a general idea regarding the topic of the term paper, it is time to begin drafting an outline. More precisely, the plan of the essay should represent a brief outline of the paper’s structure and help guide the research. However, there are no strict rules regarding an outline, and an approach depends on writers preferences and chosen topic. The general suggestions include breaking up the main question into several subtopics, developing sections within the larger framework, and ensuring logical connections between paragraphs. Furthermore, a brief outline of the medical term paper may be later used in the table of contents. There should be at least one sentence for each paragraph in the outline. Also, this part of the paper should include a brief description of the main idea and issues that must be stated in the particular paragraph. Therefore, an outline should give the reader a clear understanding of the paper’s structure and its central ideas. It is easier to rewrite an outline several times than revise the entire term paper later. Further Reading and the Analysis of Secondary Sources After researching the primary literature, formulating a research question, and completing an outline, students can envision the precise steps required for the completion of the medicine term paper. By now, a writer should know what types of secondary sources would be used and what kind of information to look for. Moreover, college courses usually provide students with lists of necessary textbooks and primary resources which can be successfully used for the essay. However, term paper still should be supported with relevant secondary sources such as peer-reviewed articles in medical journals, academic papers, and dissertations. Search for secondary sources represents a major part of the research process. When writing a medicine term paper, it is especially important to use relevant, respectful, and recent researches because the medical field can radically change in just a few years. Structuring and Compiling the Medical Material After collecting the material and completing research, a student needs to structure information into chapters and paragraphs. Although this stage seems straightforward, there are several pitfalls. Some students, especially in high school, believe that the best approach is to write a large research paper with extensive information. As a result, their medicine term paper can contain 40 pages instead of the required 10. However, this is an erroneous approach because writers are required to emphasize the essential arguments and points of the research. The information that ends up in a term paper should support the conclusions. Therefore, individual chapters with corresponding titles, as stated in the table of contents, comprise the body of the essay. Each chapter, or section, supports a particular part of the thesis or an argument and preserves the integrity of the paper in general. Avoiding Plagiarism in Your Medicine Term Paper Nowadays, finding sources for term papers is relatively easy because of the Internet. However, for the same reason, students should be careful to avoid plagiarism. Most professors accept term papers not just in print, but also in electronic form to examine it through anti-plagiarism software. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure that the term paper is unique by citing every direct quote and adequately paraphrasing any other utilized information. Importance of citing every alien thought or idea cannot be overstated. Plagiarism is not only frowned upon in the academic environment, but it may also lead to expulsion from high school or college in the USA. Providing Arguments and Personal Opinion The goal of writing a term paper is to learn the main academic principles and perform research concluded with arguments and reflections of the student. For this reason, each subject or subtopic should be presented in a separate paragraph. While the first sentence of a paragraph indicates what it is going to be about, each section usually ends with a personal conclusion on the topic. Moreover, although it is important for author’s statements and arguments to be supported by secondary resources, term paper should present the results of personal research and consequent reflections on it. In conclusion, a student is allowed and encouraged to enter in discussion with cited authors by either agreeing or disagreeing with them. Final Stages of Writing a Medicine Term Paper Generally, students should write an introduction and conclusion of the term paper after completing other parts of the research. Although it is clear that the conclusion is added last, the introduction should also be written at the very end. That is because during the research the proposed hypothesis can be refuted, or a student can decide to change the thesis statement. In this case, it is possible to put forward a new hypothesis, corresponding to the conclusions of the performed research. In the final stage of the medical term paper, a student should present a summary of the essay. Moreover, a conclusion of outstanding research should include analysis of the discussed subject and personal reflections of the author regarding its validity and implications. Goals, tasks, and thesis should be logically connected with research results in conclusion. Therefore, these two parts of the term paper, its framework, are written simultaneously. Since the contents of the essay can change several times during the research, it makes no sense to start writing with an introduction. Formatting and Style: Tips from Our Writers Students should adhere to the formatting style specified by their professor or academic guidelines for the type of an essay. There are two commonly used formatting styles for medical term papers AMA and APA. The main difference between them is that AMA style uses superscript numbers for in-text citations. In contrast, APA papers use the author’s name and publication year enclosed in parenthesis. Although most colleges provide guidelines for their preferred style, there are basic rules used in academic writing such as Times New Roman 12 point font and double line spacing. The integral components of the medical term paper include a cover page, references, outline, table of contents, and others as specified by course instructions. Generally, a cover page includes paper title, author’s name, course name, and header with a running title. Another important part of the term paper is a references page which includes all of the sources used by the author with appropriate formatting and in-text citations. Entries in the references should be listed in alphabetical order. After completing all of the stages, it is necessary to proofread and check all the references. Feel how less nervous you are now? Hopefully, our medicine term paper writing guide will be within the close reach at any time you need some useful help with term paper writing in Medicine. The job is as good as done when you’re well-prepared for academic writing. Have a safe trip to the exciting academic writing world!

Adult Learning and Presentation Reflection Essay

Adult Learning and Presentation Reflection - Essay Example Adults have a tendency of resisting learning when feel the trainer is imposing ideas or information on them. They have to be aware of the benefits they achieve by learning something and the cost of not learning (Cooper and McIntyre, 1996; Hinchliff, 2009). In this case, the presentation was based on the valid needs of the audience. The audience was composed of nursing students who would gain from learning about the BiPAP and Non-Invasive Ventilation. The learning activities were based around real work experiences and the lesson plan contained details of the learning objectives, content, resources, and outcomes. An adult is someone who has a self-concept of his or her own life and is responsible for making life decisions and coping with the consequences (O'neil and Marsick, 2007). Adults develop the need to be seen as being capable of taking responsibility (Rogers, 2002; Hinchcliff, 2004). The trainer should design a self-directed learning situation where the learner is in charge of most of the learning activities. The learning process should incorporate several options for learning such as reading texts and internet resources (Quinn, 2000; Quinn and Hughes, 2007). The presentation had a video that would provide more information on the ventilation mechanisms. Adult learners also apply their experience into the current learning activity.

Defensive Developmentalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defensive Developmentalism - Essay Example The following script depicts Professor Gelvin’s findings on the defensive developmentalism study and the territories that practiced the approach, with the apparent reasons of assimilating the approach. According to Professor Gelvin, the approach revolved on military and economic prowess. Early in the 17th century, the western economies were fit in military and economic factors, which served as a threat ton the Middle East and North African nations (Kia, 2011). Therefore, the challenged regimes assumed that the best way to stand unchallenged against the rival European nations would be through the implementation of the same policies of leadership. Ottoman Empire and North African communities imply the earliest adapters to the system (Quataert, 2005). Their idea revolved on militarization with a stiff maintenance or improvement to the nations’ economic performance. ... The following recitation implements on the practices the two phenomena, that is, modernism and fundamentalism, with the successes and failures of each theory towards European encroachment. The Middle East empires were trailing behind their western counterparts in the 19th and 20th centuries. In order to clear retrogress, they shifted towards a favorable method of improvement thus they adapted to modernism in order to reshape their states. This would ignite industrialization and political stability as it was the key to stand firm against hostilities. The ottoman and Persian empires allowed the British and Russian aids and involvements in their territories respectively. The result was that the Islamic countries would drastically change their religious and cultural values. The continuous aggression of the European nations was not significant to the Islamic nations who focused on the advantages associated to the white nations. At the long run, the nations became colonies and the modernis m theory had not borne the desired fruits (Quataert, 2005). On the other hand, Islamic fundamentalism led to the restoration of the Islamic phase with a modified approach to political and economical environments. It emanated from the Christian protestant, but the Islams assumed it to imply a revolved approach to counter any future atrocities and cravings from the western colonial powers, with a consequential approach to economic and military competence. The theory was successful to shield the nations against aggression, although the western nations would at other times fund revolutions on the theoretical basis at their own advantage (Kia, 2011). Therefore, both modernism and fundamentalism had positive and negative

The Effects of the Dream Act on the Family Essay

The Effects of the Dream Act on the Family - Essay Example Many hardcore immigration advocates would simply argue to deport them all back to whatever country they originated from. However, that logic brought about a very important question that requires addressing; What about the children who were brought here as infants or children completely without intention and have never lived outside the United States; do you deport them with their families or separate the families? Can we as a country in good conscious send children to foreign countries they may know little about and possibly not even speak the language, equally could we send parents away and leave children to hear without them? The current presidential administration agreed that this was not something that America should do, so without the much immediate support and no authorization of the rest of the government, Barack Obama, passed the Act using his executive powers as President in 2012. There are a number of different arguments that many Americans support and oppose the implementation of the DREAM Act. Some are economical and others political, others still are racial; however, the most relevant arguments really are the ethical ones. The living breathing, thinking, feeling people that are truly most directly impacted by such an Act need to be considered. The DREAM Act would allow the children of undocumented immigrants to no longer have to fear possible deportation if their illegal status is known. In order to qualify the individual must be have been brought to the United States as minors and be between the ages of 15 and 30 and have maintained continuous residency in The United States for at least 5 years. Those who have been involved in serious crimes would be automatically ineligible (Mahatmya & Gring-Pemble 1-18). The benefits under the DREAM Act would change the lives of many young undocumented immigrants. For many years these children of immigrants could attend public schools but could not ever gain a legal drivers license, attend college, or receive any kind of educational financial aid.

Understanding The Concepts Of Green Chemistry Environmental Sciences Essay

Understanding The Concepts Of Green Chemistry Environmental Sciences Essay Our environment, which is endowed by nature, needs to be protected from ever increasing chemical pollution associated with contemporary lifestyles and emerging technologies. India, 2nd largest producer of pesticides and ranked 12th in pharmaceutical production, is fast emerging as top 5 player in selected petrochemicals. The challenge for the institution and industries is to come together and pursue development in the field of greener chemistry by reducing or eliminating the use and generation of hazardous substances. We have organized a national and an international symposium for promoting Green Chemistry in India, which has provided the platform for interaction of concepts among the leading scientist. Moreover a refresher course of three weeks for college teachers on eco-friendly chemistry has also been organized earlier to promote awareness and facilitate education training and the practice of green chemistry in academic institutions. The main idea behind is to activate work towar ds green chemistry for which involvement of academic, industrial, governmental and non-governmental bodies is needed collectively which will help the designing and development of environment friendly chemistry practices in India. Contents Introduction. Principles of green chemistry. Sustainable development. Atom economy. Reactions in green chemistry. Reducing toxicity. Green analytical chemistry. What can green chemistry do? Why green chemistry? What is the role of chemist in green chemistry? Graph of published articles in journals. Examples of green chemistry. Examples of investigatory projects in green chemistry Future products. Some basic ways in which we go about green product development. Values of green chemistry in innovation, application and technology: Indian Scenario. Some recent developments and examples in green chemistry. Government initiatives. Introduction Green chemistry: Green chemistry may be defined as the invention ,design ,and application of chemical product and process to reduce the eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Therefore, green chemistry is a tool not only for minimizing the negative impact of those procedures aimed at optimizing efficiency, although clearly both impact minimization and process optimization are legitimate and complementary objectives of the subject. Green chemistry, however, also recognizes that there are significant consequences to the use of hazardous substances, ranging from regulatory, handling and transport, and liability issues, to name a few. To limit the definition to deal with waste only, would be to address only part of the problem. Green chemistry is applicable to all aspects of the product life cycle as well.   Finally, the definition of green chemistry includes the term hazardous. It is important to note that green chemistry is a way of dealing with risk reduction and pollution prevention by addressing the intrinsic hazards of the substances rather than those circumstances and conditions of their use that might increase their risk. Green chemistry is not complicated although it is often elegant. Green chemistry applies to any type of chemistry such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, bio chemistry, analytical chemistry and even physical chemistry. Green chemistry is mainly for industrial area. The main goal of green chemistry is to minimizing the hazard and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical choice. Green chemistry can be applies on organic chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry and biochemistry. Mainly green chemistry focuses on industrial applications. The main goal of green chemistry is to minimizing the hazard and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical choice. Principles of green chemistry:- There are twelve principles of green chemistry. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed. Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity. The use of auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used. Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure. A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable. Unnecessary privatization (blocking group, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible. Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents. Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and do break down into innocuous degradation products. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real time, in-process monitoring and control before the formation of hazardous substances. Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires. The term Green Chemistry, coined by staff at the US EPA in the 1990s, helped to bring focus to an increasing interest in developing more environmentally friendly chemical processes and products. An evaluation of how green a chemical reaction or a chemical process is seems to be best done in terms of the 12 principles that have been advocated by Anastas and Warner. These tenets deal with fundamental issues such as pollution prevention, atom economization and toxicity reduction. The essence of the 12 principles may be summarized as follows: Waste prevention instead of waste clean-up, atom economy as an important concern, design of environmentally friendly synthetic methodologies, design of safer chemicals, redundancy of auxiliary substances, conservation of energy, use of renewable feedstock, reduction of unnecessary derivatization , catalytic reactions instead of stoichiometric ones, debasement of final products after the end of their function, real-time analysis for pollution prevention and strategies for chemical accident prevention. Sustainable development- Sustainability in science and technology begins when we start thinking how to solve a problem or how to turn science into technology. Chemistry, as the science of matter and its transformation, plays a central role in this process and is the bridge between physics, material sciences and life sciences. Only chemical processes, which have reached after careful optimization a maximum in efficiency, will lead to more sustainable products and production. Scientists and engineers, who invent, develop and optimize such processes, therefore play a key role. Their awareness, creativity and looking ahead is needed to bring reactions and chemical processes to maximum efficiency. The term Green Chemistry has been coined for efforts towards this goal. Atom economy:- Atom economy means maximizing incorporation of material from the starting materials or reagents into the final products. It is essentially pollution prevention at molecular level. For example, a chemist practicing atom economy would choose to synthesis a needed product by putting together basic building blocks, rather than by breaking down a much larger starting material and discarding most of it waste. Atom economy is an important development beyond the traditionally taught concept of percent yield. Barry Trost, from Stanford University, published the concept of atom economy in science in 1991. In 1998 received the president green chemistry challenged award for his work. Atom economy answers the basic question, how much of what you put into your pot end up in your product. Calculation of Atom Economy Reactions in green chemistry- There are two types of reactions- Atom economic reactions. Atom un-economic reactions. In atom economic reactions there are another two type reactions Rearrangement reactions. Addition reactions. In atom un-economic reaction there are three type of reactions Substitution reaction. Elimination reaction. Witting reaction. Reducing toxicity- One of the underpinning principle of green chemistry is to design chemical product and process that use and produce less hazardous materials. Here hazardous cover all aspects, including toxicity, flammability, explosion potential, and environmental persistence. A hazard can be defined as situation that may lead to harm, whilst risk is the probability that harm will occur. From the point of view harm being caused by exposure to the chemical. Risk = Green analytical chemistry- The relationship between green chemistry and analytical chemistry can be treated in two ways. Analytical chemistry is a subject to control and justify green chemistry. This is where analytical chemistry is an efficient tool for confirmation of the green result of a chemical product or technology. On the other hand, chemical analysis methods need solvents, reagents, and energy, and they generate waste. The principles of green chemistry, suggested by Anastas and Warner, are directly related to analytical chemistry as well, the most important of them being prevention of waste generation; safer solvents and auxiliaries; design for energy efficiency; and Safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical accidents. In this way, analytical chemistry becomes an object of application of the principles of green Chemistry, and can be the target of a green chemistry approach similarly to other areas of chemistry and chemical technology. The term green analytical chemistry has been proposed by J. Namies ´nik in that several aspects of making analytical chemistry greener were discussed. The development of instrumental methods to replace wet chemistry in sample preparation and treatment is a general trend in analytical chemistry. Here, the main analytical result is related to an increase of analysis reliability, higher precision, and time saving, which very positively combines with a substantial reduction of waste. In most cases, the result of instrumental methods in analysis is a decrease in sample volume needed for analysis. Special efforts to integrate micro fluidics and processing in micro scale can substantially decrease the sample amount and accompanying generation of waste. In some cases, there is a choice of direct techniques of analysis (different laser-spectroscopic methods) or solvent less processes of analysis, which are green processes. However, in most cases, the samples under study are very complicated mixtures with interfering matrices not allowing the use of waste less method. The search for alternative solvents is an important step on the way of using greener methods. In This process, the main target should be not just the replacement, but introduction of an additional advantage from different properties of these solvents to improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability of analysis, as well as reduce analysis time. The development of instrumental methods in general leads to an efficient use of energy, especially when the method is highly automated and uses a minimal amount of sample. The hyphenation of several methods for sample treatment and separation of components or integration of separation and complicated methods of detection enables an efficient use of energy. Additional energy saving is possible when a microwave treatment or even just microwave heating is incorporated into the process. An ultrasonic irradiation may also have a strong effect on several sample treatments. The development of photochemical methods is a highly green way in analytical chemistry as well. Most of the above-mentioned procedures also result in safer chemistry. In many cases of sample preparation and treatment, different chemical methods for derivatization and chemical modification of samples are still used. The search for less toxic compounds and processes with reduced waste generation should be an aim in the development of new methods. What can green chemistry do? Green chemistry is not a particular set of technologies, but rather an emphasis on the design  of chemical products and processes.   Sometimes, green chemistry takes place at the molecular level to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. This approach offers environmentally beneficial alternatives to more hazardous chemicals and processes, and thus promotes pollution prevention. Green chemistry can lead to dramatic changes in how we interact with chemicals on a daily basis as in the case of the  2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis. The word metathesis means change-places. In metathesis reactions, double bonds are broken and made between carbon atoms in ways that cause atom groups to change places. This happens with the assistance of special catalyst molecules. Metathesis can be compared to a dance in which the couples change partners. Metathesis is used daily in the chemical industry, mainly in the development of pharmaceuticals and of advanced plastic materials. Thanks to the Laureates contributions, synthesis methods have been developed that are more efficient (fewer reaction steps, fewer resources required, less wastage), simpler to use (stable in air, at normal temperatures and pressures), and Environmentally friendlier (non-injurious solvents, less hazardous waste products). This represents a great step forward for green chemistry, reducing potentially hazardous waste through smarter production. Metathesis is an example of how important basic science has been applied for the benefit of man, society and the environment. The main question is that Why Green Chemistry? Green chemistry is effective in reducing the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment. In addition, many companies have found that it can be cheaper and even profitable to meet environmental goals. Profits derive from higher efficiency, less waste, better product quality, and reduced liability. Many environmental laws and regulations target hazardous chemicals, and following all these requirements can be complicated. But green chemistry allows companies to comply with the law in much simpler and cheaper ways. Finally, green chemistry is a fundamental science-based approach. Addressing the problem of hazard at the molecular level, it can be applied to all kinds of environmental issues. Since 1991, there have been many advances in green chemistry, in both academic research and industrial implementation. For example, Spinosad , an insecticide manufactured by fermenting a naturally occurring soil organism, was registered by the EPA as a reduced-risk insecticide in 1997. Spinosad does not leach, bioaccumulation, volatilize, or persist in the environment and in field tests left 70 to 90 percent of beneficial insects unharmed. It has a relatively low toxicity to mammals and birds and is slightly to moderately toxic to aquatic organisms, but is toxic to bees until it dries. In another advance, an industrial cleaning solvent, ethyl lactate, made from cornstarch and soybean oil was patented in 2000 and is competitively priced with petrochemical solvents. It biodegrades to carbon dioxide and water and has no known harmful effects for the environment, humans, or wildlife. These advances, however, represent an extremely small fraction of the potential applications of green che mistry. Because the products and processes that form the basis of the economy and infrastructure are based on the design and utilization of chemicals and materials, the challenges facing this field are enormous. What is the role of chemist in green chemistry? Chemist can use his knowledge of green chemistry and its benefits to justify research into cleaner and greener process. In most cases it is readily demonstrable that green chemistry approach involving reduction of waste, material and energy, will also lead to cost reductions and that this in turn will have a positive effect on profitability. In academia initiatives such as the engineering and physical sciences research council (EPSRC) Clean Technology Programme and the governments sustainable technology initiative have already encouraged professionals to enter this area. Although many of the technologies or tools required to make chemical manufacturing more sustainable are available, and indeed industry already making significant progress , much more can be achieved. In order to move forward chemist need to understand, and overcome the barrier s, both real and perceived, that exist to innovation in this area. In some cases a culture change may be required before the potential financial benefits are fully appreciated. Professional chemist also have a major role in helping to encourage all interested parties, including industry, customers, pressure groups, government, educationalist and researchers, to co-operate to ensure a cleaner and more sustainable future. Graph of published articles in journals- Examples of green chemistry- Lead-free solders and other products- Breakthroughs in the replacement of lead include use of new soldering materials, alternatives to lead additives in paint and the development of cleaner batteries. Bioplastics Plastics made from plants, including corn, potatoes or other agricultural products, even agricultural waste, are an important example of green chemistry. Products already available are forks, knives and spoons made from potato starch and biodegradable packaging made from corn. Flame resistant materials-Plastics that do not require the use of flame retardants are a solution to the problem of toxic flame retardants. A combination of polylactic acid and kenaf-two agriculturally products-has already been developed for this purpose. Halogen-free flame retardants- For products that still require the use of flame retardants, green chemistry can help identify new, less toxic alternatives. For example, silicone based materials can be used. Biopesticides also the good example of green chemistry- Biopesticides offer powerful tools to create a new generation of sustainable agriculture products. They are the most likely source for alternatives to some of the most problematic chemical pesticides currently in use. Biopesticides also offer solutions to concerns such as pest resistance to traditional chemical pesticides, public concern about side effects of pesticides on the surrounding environment and ultimately, on human health. Examples of Investigatory Projects in Green Chemistry- Effects of Detergent Phosphates on Plant Growth Because phosphates from household detergents seep into groundwater, a simulated effect can be investigated using a young pea plant and a solution of 90-percent water to 10-percent  laundry detergent  solution. Use two containers of pond water to simulate phosphates catalytic effect on algae growth by adding detergent solution to one container intermittently and using an unaltered container as a control. Record all observations qualitatively and quantitatively. Effect of Pollution on Biodiversity Use several terrariums made from local organisms, soils and water to investigate how pollution affects the amount of biodiversity in an ecosystem. Pollute terrariums by spraying diluted sulphuric acid into a terrarium to represent acid rain. Pollute another terrarium by carefully burning a birthday candle inside daily to represent smog. Leave one terrarium unpolluted to use as a control group. Record all observations qualitatively and quantitatively. Storm Water Geologically Filtered After a hard rain, water rushes into local waterways carrying many pollutants. Polluted water can be created by mixing water with small objects and dark colored dirt to represent different types of pollution. Devise a system of filtration using different sized grains of soil to create situations of altered porosities and permeability. Record all effects on pollution filtration qualitatively and quantitatively. Future products- PVC free cables  -will reduce the use of both PVC and of lead, which is used as a stabilizer in PVC cabling. The Toxic Use Reduction Institute has been working on this new solder. New lead-free solders  with lower heat requirements are being developed. Our new product development will focus on: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Polymeric solutions, big molecules à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reactive products that become bound to the final polymer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Non-toxic small molecules à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mineral products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Minimizing the life cycle of products that remain in the environment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Improving recyclability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Implementing measures throughout the supply chain to minimize emissions of persistent compounds à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Engaging distributors, customers and competitors in programs, such as VECAP, to eliminate all harmful products from the environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continuing to advise consumers of the important of sustainable products. Some basic ways in which we go about green product development Selection of reagents with lowest toxicity Choice of catalysts that would provide highest reaction yield, thus minimizing waste Choosing the right form of energy to maximize reaction efficiency Precise calculations to predict with just two to three experiments how the reaction can be optimized, as well as the two or three preferable solvents for that reaction Identification of potential hazards before conducting the reaction. Specific parameters such as heat of the reaction are studied. Values of Green Chemistry in Innovation, Application and Technology: Indian Scenario- Green chemistry focuses on the reduction, recycling, and/or elimination of the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals in production processes by finding creative, alternative routes for making the desired products that minimize the impact on the environment. Green chemistry is a more eco-friendly green alternative to conventional chemistry practices. The green chemistry movement is part of a larger movement ultimately leading to a green economy- namely sustainable development, sustainable business and sustainable living practices. Green chemistry can contribute to achieving sustainability in three key areas. First, renewable energy technologies will be the central pillar of a sustainable high-technology civilization. Second, the reagents used by the chemical industry. Third, polluting technologies must be replaced by benign alternatives. The aim of the article is to acquaint the academicians, researchers, scientists and engineers with values and positive impact of green Chemistry in in novation, application and Technology. The green chemistry wave has reached our country too. We need to work for its betterment by encouraging the practices of green chemistry. Collaborations between industrial and academic partners are important to expedite the transfer of significant green products to the marketplace. For such collaborations to be successful, individuals in these two differently motivated cultures need to work together to advance green science. Governments could undoubtedly facilitate formation of more effective industrial/academic partnerships. Under an agreement with the Green Chemical Institute, University of Delhi has been accepted as an international chapter. The Indian chapter will promote green chemistry through education, information collection and dissemination, research and international collaboration via conferences, workshops, meeting and symposia.   In India, although there is growing awareness about the ill effects of pollution, promotion of continual introduction of environmentally friendly products a methodologies in the chemical industry needs to be furthered. Usage of nonconventional technologies is highly popular in India. First in this list is the usage of microwaves. Further, the microwave chemists are turning their attention toward microwave-assisted dry-media reactions in order to minimize solvent usage, an added advantage to already established microwave chemistry. In addition to microwave-assisted reactions, ultrasonic and photochemical reactions are also used as nonconventional reaction technology. Analytical chemistry has been at the center of the green chemistry movement. Advances in analytical chemistry are key to environmental protection. In India, the focus for analytical chemistry is mainly on extraction technologies such as solid phase, ultrasound and microwave, supercritical fluid extraction, and automated s oxhlet extraction. Monitoring and analysis of heavy metals and pesticides is very important for an agro economy-based country like India and chief governmental institutes like the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) are working extensively in this field. Further removing of these elements from industrial and agrochemical usage is of prime importance for these. Some recent developments and examples in green chemistry- Chemists from all over the world are using their creative and innovative skills to develop new processes, synthetic methods, analytical tools, reaction conditions, catalysts, etc. under the new green chemistry cover. Some of these are. A continuous process and apparatus converts waste biomass into industrial chemicals, fuels and animal feed. Another process converts waste biomass such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, plastic, tires and agricultural residues to useful products, including hydrogen, ethanol and acetic acid. A method for mass producing taxol by semi continuous culture of Taxus genus plant. A fermentation method for the production of carboxylic acids. A method of partially oxidizing alcohol such as methanol to ethers, aldehydes, esters or acids, by using a supercritical fluid mobile. A process for producing a fluoropolymer by using supercritical carbon dioxide. A cost-effective method of producing ethyl lactate, a non-toxic solvent derived from corn. A range of organic solvents that are worker friendly and environmentally sound. A new environmentally friendly technology in mixed metals recovery from spent acid wastes has been used to recover zinc and ferrous chloride from pickle liquor. The demand for non-ionic surfactants is growing and a new example of this is alkyl glycoside, which is made from saccharide. This product can be used as a replacement for alkyl aryl sulphonate anionic surfactants in shampoos. Sodium silicate can be used as a more environmentally benign replacement for phosphorus-containing additives in washing powder. Three coconut oil soap bases for liquid cleansing applications have been developed. One of these products has very light color and low odor, making it suitable for introducing dyes and fragrances. Feedstock recycling  of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. Developing Countries and Green Chemistry- In developing countries, the introduction of green chemistry is still in a stage of infancy, despite the significant need and the significant role green chemistry can play. Many of the practices in developing countries are still far from the concepts of safety, pollution prevention and design of energy efficiency. Environmental pollution and waste generation are some of the aching problems many developing countries are suffering from. Many of the reasons behind these problems lie in policies and strategies adopted that are based on end-of pipe treatment, rather than pollution prevention at source or implementing life cycle thinking in handling waste problems. Most frequently, income generation activities are dependent on an efficient use of energy and other resources such as water, which may pose some serious problems to future generations. The United Nations reporting on the millennium development goals at a country level indicated a high level of energy consumption and limited energy resources in most of the developing countries. The report strongly recommends the imperative need to ration the use of energy resources in these countries and to implement energy conservation policies. The same trend of difficulties developing countries face has been illustrated in the series of country reports produced by the rural development at the water and environment department of the World Bank. Sustainable chemistry could play a pivotal role in salvaging many of the ailing conditions that many of the developing countries are subjected to. The use of solar energy, introduction of sustainable farming, recycling, and the implementation of life cycle thinking and life cycle analysis as a management tool for some of the chronic issues such as municipal waste management, are some few examples of how green chemistry can benefit developing communities. Green chemistry can also have a very strong impact on water sufficiency issues in that part of the developing world where water resources is the most vital issue. It is through the implementation of cleaner production and use of safe and biodegradable chemicals that a huge volume of wastewater could be reused to quench the emerging, critical need of water in many of these countries. Government Initiatives- Government can do a lot of good for the cause of green chemistry by increasing public awareness and by bringing and enforcing strict environmental legislations. One of the recent and controversial examples of government initiative is the conversion of diesel vehicles to compressed natural gas (CNG) in order to reduce pollution. Relocation of industries into industrial areas away from residential parks is another bold step taken by the Delhi government. Further, the government is also concentrating on new projects such as fuel pellets from municipal waste, aspirated H-cylinder engines for light commercial vehicles (LCVs), meeting India 2000 emission norms, battery-powered cars for pollution-free driving, hydrogen energy and energy towers for new environment-friendly fuel, development of traditional herbal drugs as adapt gens a immunomodulators. The government should also increase funding to encourage research in green chemistry. By introducing green chemistry education at all levels, the government can build a solid foundation toward green chemistry in India.

Americas Reaction to the Holocaust Essay -- Papers

America's Reaction to the Holocaust In the years of the Second World War, American leaders were aware of the plan of the Germans to exterminate all the Jews in Europe, yet they did not act to save them. The attitude in society and the state of the economy in the years leading up to the war made for conditions that did not make saving them likely. Most Germans despised the Weimar Republic, which held control of Germany at the time they signed the Versailles Treaty. This treaty crippled Germany after they lost The First Great War. The proud Germans saw this republic as weak. Adolph Hitler, an Austrian born man of German lineage, claimed that the only true Germans were Aryans and that the Jewish influence in the Weimar Republic was the reason for their weakness. He published a famous propaganda novel entitled Mein Kampf, which helped to catapult him and his political party, the National Socialist German Workers Party, into power. (Barber) Hitler's political position was simple: Germans were always right and the Jews were to blame for everything. After the outbreak of war by all the major powers of the world, Germany immediately turned a major part of their concern towards the extermination of the entire Jewish race. It began with the Einsatzgrupen, a special mobile unit of who moved behind frontline troops in the attacks on Russia and Poland, whose sole purpose was to round up the local Jewish families and kill them. They dug massive graves intended for entire Jewish communities. Their victims were lined up, stripped naked and shot. One reporter observed that not every shot was fatal and the poor civilians were made to suffer in the pits till they were sufficiently buried alive by their own brethren. The fir... ... on the fighting and paid no attention to the genocide happening in the camps in Poland. When the decision was finally made to bomb Auschwitz in 1945, it was because the camp was used as a production center of synthetic oil and rubber. Anti-Alien, anti-Semitic, and restrictionist attitudes were all factors that contributed to the United States' decision not to act in the face of such horrible murderous activity in Europe. All these factors combined with the American policy of neutrality and the weakened state of the economy made the US an unlikely source of salvation. Bibliography: Barber, John R. Modern European History. Harper Perennial. New York. 1993. pps. 277-281, 306-331 Wiesel, Elie. Night. Bantum Books. New York. 1960. Wyman, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews. Pantheon Books. New York. 1984. pps. 3-15, 285-307

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is one of the ways doing research that involves only looking at the quality and not having any results that are quantifiable. This means that the conclusions that are made from a qualitative research are usually based on the secondary research, that is, other researches and conversations have to say. Qualitative research deals with either going through older researches that have already taken place and then using them as a support for taking interviews and focus groups of people or the target market that the research is looking for. This is the main objective of any qualitative research.â€Å"Qualitative is one of the two major approaches to research methodology in social sciences. Qualitative research involves an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern human behaviour. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research relies on reasons behind various aspects of behaviour. † (Wikipedia, 2007 ) Introduction to the Research The research that has been picked up for criticism is that which was done by a student on the garment industry in the subcontinent. There are a number of problems that are faced in this industry and there is not a lot that if happening from the WTO side.This is what the research carries further. Criticizing a Research Firstly, looking at the introduction of the paper, it does not explain the garment industry completely. The paper begins with a lot of numbers being thrown such as the garment number in the United States of America. Whenever, a research is conducted it is necessary that the researcher ensure that the secondary research be comparable to that of the research that is being conducted. If the research is being conducted about the subcontinent then there is a need that the garment industry of another developing country be analyzed rather than that of a developed country.The researcher must be careful when choosing such secondary data because it could be damaging to the results of the research. Another problem with the research’s introduction is that the explanation is too brief. The introduction is supposed to do a complete overview of the industry at to what the major products are and what are the current problems in this industry. Yet another point is that at this stage, the researcher should have provided some numbers of the subcontinent in a valid format so that the reader would have a better idea of the situation in the garment sector.The researcher is not going with a flow. There is a need to take up a complete flow of the information and ensure that there are no dead ends to the text. The last sentence of the research does not go with the entire introduction and it seems too abrupt and a lot of rephrasing is required. The next section of the research is the introduction of the WTO. According to a reader’s understanding, the introduction of the WTO should have come before that of the garment industry because the WTO would then be relat ed in the introduction of the industry, which has not been done.The introduction of the WTO is not a complete flow of statements but is rather just a list of the events that had occurred for WTO. The researcher should have taken out time to phrase the numbers and the events into statements so that the reader would be able to make sense of the format of the paper. There are a number of abbreviations that have been provided in the research but there is no glossary at the end of the research that explains what each abbreviation means. There are also no definitions of the operational terms that have been used throughout the research.The paper then goes about discussing the problems in the garment industry. There is no flow of the information and there is a lot of abruptness in the paper. Any reader will not understand what the research is about which also leads to another point. Any research always has an executive summary attached in the beginning of the paper so that the reader can ha ve a quick preview of the contents of the paper, also by looking at the table of contents, and understand the matter of the paper, whether it is worth reading or not.This is exactly what this researcher must also have done when he / she must have looked for articles. It is impossible going through the main matter of all the researches that a researcher would include in the secondary data. At first the researcher will look for understanding the article’s overview and then consider it as a source of data. To help guide the reader throughout the research, the researcher should have provided a clear summary of all the terms that are being used in the paper along with a few major points of the research as to what is being evaluated.There is no clear indication of what the research aims to look for. â€Å"Simply put, it investigates the why and how of decision making, as compared to what, where, and when of quantitative research. Hence, the need is for smaller but focused samples rather than large random samples. From which, qualitative research categorizes data into patterns as the primary basis for organizing and reporting results. † (Wikipedia, 2007 ) The researcher has then gone into providing recommendations and solutions to the two problems that were identified in the research.The solutions have been described very technically with a lot of understanding and analysis and it seems that the researcher knows what is being talked about. However, there is still some discrepancy on the sentence phrasing. The researcher has concentrated upon the branding side of the garment industry and there are a number of terms that are used here as well. However, there is a need to note that the researcher did not help the reader understand the whole situation first before providing the recommendations. The reader must know what the situation is like and what has currently been done for such industries that are not flourishing.There are a number of problems with the way the research is carrying forward because a reader would be unable to follow the whole idea and analyze it. The researcher has provided a lot of insight into the research such as the different options that are available to the industry to take control of such as branding themselves so that there would be a lesser possibility of competition from the foreign brands that have taken over such as Nike. The suggestions have proved to be quite helpful but then there is the problem of the researcher jumping from one section of the paper to another.There is a lot to provide to the reader and it seems like the researcher was unable to put it in a logical manner. Arranging information in a logical manner is a very important part of research because there is a lot of text that is going about and there is a need to keep the reader on track and help him / her understand every bit of the research. There is a requirement to follow these guidelines so that the research can be deemed helpful and successful and help in future researches on the same topic if there is any.The next thing that the researcher has jumped to is the external analysis of the industry. This should have been done before the whole introduction to the problems because there are a number of readers who would not have an idea of the factors that may affect the garment industry. The same problem occurs when the researcher is talking about the value chain analysis and this is why there could be a lot of problems with the technique that the researcher has used for placing the information. There is a need for the researcher to have a second look at the stream of information being provided.At the end of the paper, there is a description of a store that is currently selling clothes in the subcontinent and has been very successful because it deals with a brand and this is why the company is also facing a lot of brand equity. The conclusion of the paper was not available and hence, there is nothing that could have been drawn from the whole paper that was read. There was also no referencing that was done at the end of the paper. Such a violation would cause plagiarism which is not considered as lawful. References Wikipedia. (2007). Qualitative Method. Retrieved on May 10, 2007 from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Qualitative_method

10 Great Jobs for People Who Love to Travel

10 Great Jobs for People Who Love to Travel If you’re the type that doesn’t get antsy about travel, and wouldn’t prefer to stay within a 10-mile radius of home, then a career on the road might be for you. You might, of course, be thinking that a career not spent in one spot would require being an airline pilot or a traveling salesman, but you would be wrong. Here are 10Â  great jobs for people who love to travel.1. Travel NurseIf you don’t mind being flexible, or shipped off at a moment’s notice to wherever you might be needed most, then working as a travel nurse might just be for you. You’ll have a variety of duties across a wide swatch of places, and you’ll be well-paid and in demand.2. Athletic Talent ScoutEver wonder how professional sports players make it from the minor to the major leagues? If you love sports and know enough to spot an ace when you see one, consider working for a franchise or team to bring in the new talent. You’ll want to know your chosen sport in side and out, and also be comfortable with the pressure of choosing the next big hope.3. RoadieLove music? Ever wish you could go out on tour with your favorite artist? It might just be possible. Work doing electrics or rigging or sound or stage-handing for one of your favorite local musicians, and you could up doing the same for the biggest stars.4. Tour GuideWant to move somewhere specific? Know a lot about that place and want to geek out even more? Tour guiding might just be for you. Learn your spot inside and out, then make everyone love it as much as you do, and you’ll be sure to succeed.5. Civil ServiceConsider applying to the U.S. State Department. See a different part of the world, get really in-depth in the issues, and still feel like you have something interesting to say at a dinner party. Almost regardless of your background, there might be a job in civil service for you. As long as you can pass the security clearance, you should be all right.6. International AidWo rk for an independent aid organization and really help people around the globe. It’s important to want to help others- and to make a difference, but this can be an incredibly willing career. You’ll be paid well, but you still should love what you do.7. ArchaeologistYou’ll need a bit of schooling, and you’ll never quite be Indiana Jones, but you’ll get to dig up all sorts of extremely unique artifacts and feel like you’re unearthing history. If you like science and working outdoors and solving intricate, tedious mysteries, then this could be for you.8. English TeacherYou probably imagine your high school English teacher standing in front of the same old class year after year. But imagine teaching ESL in various places all over the world. You’ll need a Bachelor’s degree, perhaps even a Master’s, but then the world is your oyster.9. Field Service TechIf you feel qualified to be a doctor of technology, but don’t want to have to get an advanced degree, you could consider working as a field service technician fixing broken mobile technology, cranes, elevators, trains, etc. You can work independently, for a company, or even for the government. And you can get most of your training directly on the job.10. Yacht CrewIf you love the water and you don’t mind doing a bit of manual labor, you can absolutely see the world by crewing yachts. Live on a superyacht and stay in some of the most exciting ports in the world. You’ll hobknob with some of the biggest names in the business, and in the world, and you’ll spend a great deal of time outside in the most beautiful surroundings.

Free Essays on Swot Analysis Of Motorola

Since it first entered the competitive electronic firm market, Motorola has continued to remain successful as a world leader in mobile communication technology, ranking as the leading manufacturer of cellular telephones, paging devices, automotive semi-conductors, and microchips that are used to operate devices other than computers. Although it has lost a few battles, Motorola has taken on the Japanese head to head, through these times of Japanese competition. In the 1980’s Motorola controlled the emerging U.S, Market for cellular phones and pagers but they weren’t aggressively focused on competing with the Japanese, even though Japanese firms began to flood the U.S. market with low-priced, high-quality telephones and pagers, leaving Motorola pushed into the background. This is when Motorola â€Å"heard the call to battle.† Managers at first were not sure how they should respond, so they originally decided to abandon some business areas and even considered merging their own semiconductor operations with those of Toshiba. After a lot of searching they decided to fight back and regain the firm’s lost market position. This fight involved two main strategies: First learn from the Japanese, and then compete with them. To carry out these strategies, Motorola executives decided to set a numb er of broad based goals that essentially committed the firm to lowering costs, improving quality, and regaining lost market share. Managers were then sent out on missions, mainly focused on Japan, to learn how to compete better. Some managers even observed Motorola’s own Japanese operations to learn and to understand how it fully functioned; while others focused more on how other successful Japanese firms operated. At the same time, the firm also drastically boosted its budget, R&D, and employee training worldwide. One important thing that executives learned from their trip to Japan after viewing a flag flying outside one of its plants was that... Free Essays on Swot Analysis Of Motorola Free Essays on Swot Analysis Of Motorola Since it first entered the competitive electronic firm market, Motorola has continued to remain successful as a world leader in mobile communication technology, ranking as the leading manufacturer of cellular telephones, paging devices, automotive semi-conductors, and microchips that are used to operate devices other than computers. Although it has lost a few battles, Motorola has taken on the Japanese head to head, through these times of Japanese competition. In the 1980’s Motorola controlled the emerging U.S, Market for cellular phones and pagers but they weren’t aggressively focused on competing with the Japanese, even though Japanese firms began to flood the U.S. market with low-priced, high-quality telephones and pagers, leaving Motorola pushed into the background. This is when Motorola â€Å"heard the call to battle.† Managers at first were not sure how they should respond, so they originally decided to abandon some business areas and even considered merging their own semiconductor operations with those of Toshiba. After a lot of searching they decided to fight back and regain the firm’s lost market position. This fight involved two main strategies: First learn from the Japanese, and then compete with them. To carry out these strategies, Motorola executives decided to set a numb er of broad based goals that essentially committed the firm to lowering costs, improving quality, and regaining lost market share. Managers were then sent out on missions, mainly focused on Japan, to learn how to compete better. Some managers even observed Motorola’s own Japanese operations to learn and to understand how it fully functioned; while others focused more on how other successful Japanese firms operated. At the same time, the firm also drastically boosted its budget, R&D, and employee training worldwide. One important thing that executives learned from their trip to Japan after viewing a flag flying outside one of its plants was that...

Radio-Frequency Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Radio-Frequency Identification - Essay Example Radio waves found to be useful in many other fields and identification and tracking of objects is one among them. The technology used for the identification or tracking of objects with the help of radio waves is called Radio frequency identification or RFID. More precisely, radio frequency identification (RFID) describes a â€Å"system that transmits the identity of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves† (What is RFID?, n. d). This paper briefly analyses history and various features of RFID. History and Evolution of RFID During the middle half of twentieth century, barcode technology has evolved to identify objects using some printed lines. During the same period itself, researches to develop RFID tags were started and â€Å"the first active form of RFID was developed by British scientist, Watson-Watt and his team during this period (Roberti, 2011). Commercial use of barcodes started in the 1960’s. In the 1970’s universal grocery product identificati on codes and universal product codes were introduced. In the early part of 1990’s IBM developed an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system. This technology contributed heavily to the development of electronic product coding (EPD) technology. The present Universal Product Code and bar code technologies were evolved from EPD. Between 1999 and 2003, EPD technology developed a lot and the current form of bar codes to identify products evolved out of it (Roberti, 2011). RFID tags and barcodes appear to be similar in its functioning. Both are used for identifying objects. At the same time there are certain differences in the functioning of barcodes and RFID tags. While bar codes need printed lines for identification, RFID tags needs nothing like that. RFID tags can be used to identify even distant objects whereas barcodes have limitations in doing so. Moreover RFID tags work much faster than barcodes. In short, bar codes and RFID tags have different uses and both are used for differ ent purposes. Components of RFID Tags/transponders, Readers/Antennas/transceivers, Middleware etc are the major components of RFID. Tags are the major part or heart of any RFID system. It stores information about the object being tracked in its memory. RFID readers read this information from the tag memory to identify the objects. Data transfer between tag and memory is taking place with the help of radio waves of suitable frequency. Readers and antennas are used for the transmission and reception of radio waves between tags and Middleware software. â€Å"Middleware software is responsible for data retrieving from readers, data filtering, monitoring of tags, storing tracking histories etc† (Overview of RFID Components, 2006, p.1-2). Tags or transponders consist of an integrated electronic circuit in which a capacitor is enclosed to send and receive signals from the object. The electronic circuit of the tag could be read only and in some cases it could be used to read or write information. Antennas are usually powered by batteries or usual power supply. These antennas will be connected to a laptop using wireless technologies so that the computer can send and receive instructions to it (Basic RFID Components, 2003). RFID tags are usually enclosed in a plastic container in order to avoid any damages to different climatic conditions. It is capable of reading signals from any objects irrespective of whether the objects are dirty or covered with paints or grease. The memory capacity of RFID tag can be even up to one

Internship in the Bahrain Petroleum Company Essay

Internship in the Bahrain Petroleum Company - Essay Example Founded in 1929, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) is a unique company that has undergone several transformations over the years that mark its existence (Bapco.net, 2015). Consequently, the private sector company boasts of being the pioneer oil discoverer in the Arabian Peninsula, with the exportation and refinement of this commodity beginning a decade after the inception of the company. Moreover, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) is central in shaping the Bahraini wealth-generation pattern and in the development of the country’s work force. Â  Founded in 1929, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) is a unique company that has undergone several transformations over the years that mark its existence (Bapco.net, 2015). Consequently, the private sector company boasts of being the pioneer oil discoverer in the Arabian Peninsula, with the exportation and refinement of this commodity beginning a decade after the inception of the company. Moreover, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) is c entral in shaping the Bahraini wealth-generation pattern and in the development of the country’s work force. Â   Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) has a wide employee base that consists mainly of native citizens. Though it is wholly owned by the government of Bahrain, Bahrain Petroleum Company, (BAPCO) does not only indulge in the production of oil. The primary operation of the company is the exploration of petroleum, with the massive technological investments geared towards improving the production of petroleum. Â  

Engliash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engliash - Essay Example I rushed to school and sneaked into class without being noticed by the teacher. When I got into the class, I started sipping my coffee slowly. I would peep through the window to make sure there was no teacher coming into class. After some time, I started reading a storybook and forgot I was still holding the coffee mug. I did not notice the principal get into class, and none of my classmates warned me. All I realized was that someone had forcefully taken the coffee mug from me. When I looked up, the principal was standing right in front of me. The look on his face scared me. He forced me out of class and made me stay out until teatime. I thought that was all but the worst was yet to come. During teatime, he made me stand in front of the entire school and drink about two liters of coffee from a bucket. I had to do this since I did not want to be sent home. I had misbehaved several times the previous semester and had promised my parents to be disciplined. After finishing the coffee, which was the largest amount I had ever drank I became the subject of gossip for the entire week. Some student referred to me as a glutton and even my friends avoided walking with me for the rest of the semester. It was the most shaming and worst high school

Trends In Merchandizing Essay Example for Free

Trends In Merchandizing Essay Over several years ago, manufacturers and retailers have been putting more emphasis and placing increased importance on the in-stock merchandizing and marketing. Since mid 1990s, the effectiveness of traditional marketing has really declined. Also the competition between retailers and channels has been increasing which have been treated as the factors in driving the trend. According to Bishop Willard in October 2002, he noted that more consumers make around 70% of all purchasing decisions while in store shopping. This has been the main reason as to why stores are the new platforms for brand marketing while the difficulties in delivering effective in store solutions for merchandizing increases, and also the need to implement state-of-the art merchandizing software capable of strategizing, planning, visualizing and communicating such solutions arises (Varien 2001, pg 45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interactive edge in merchandizing has built many interactive sales applications for the top consumer package goods manufacturers for about ten years ago. Since the year 2002, there has been an increase in demand for interactive requests which focused entirely on planning and communicating merchandizing solutions. The ability to create account specific market plans is very crucial because each customer has specialized schedules, strategies, programs, objectives and store and market conditions. Marketing plans are ideally supported by customer and category insights, analysis of promotion that speak in the situation of the customer, sales goals and brand information. The marketing plans that are informed by customer insights and account specific category have greatest impact in setting the stage for activities in merchandizing. In any marketing planning, it is important to implement the existing opportunities and conditions for each customer by first assessing the customer’s current merchandizing solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smart bargains have managed thousands of dollars of continual changing inventory on daily basis. The firm’s experienced buyers should act on a moment’s notice to buy a wide range of high quality products at unexpected discounts. At the midst of controlled disorders at the core of this changing business, smart bargains required a solution to enable buyers, senior executives and planners to report and manage future and historical merchandize plans in a responsive, efficient and highly flexible manner. Smart bargains has turned to Envisa to implement and architect a business intelligence suite through use of Microsoft server 200 analysis and Microsoft table in excel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The solution which leveraged merchandizing data mart had been developed during earlier incentive which provided smart bargain with a powerful reporting architecture that untied business users from the need to make complex questions in custom report writing. Merchandizing strategy creation does not imply a complete decorator make over. In order to enhance customers’ image of store, one should perceive his own store the way the customers see it and provide the customers with their requirements. According to research by Russel M who is a retail hardware operator, the consequences of a customer satisfaction survey came up with seven aspects customers want their hard ware stores to play for them. The customers require hardware stores to offer services which are special, make enjoyable shopping, have provision of one stop shopping destination, help them to save time, help them to save money, assist them better to understand d-i-y projects, and also make shopping easy (Phelps 1963, pg 78). At global shop, retail design experts, annual retail design exposition co-produced by design ideas and display conducted studies on why and how today’s consumer shop and also how a store can merchandize its goods so as to best meet the customers requirements. Those designers came up with emerging merchandizing trends to assist the retailers in all firms and industries to provide their customers with the kind of shopping experience they need. It is very important to keep up to date with these trends because as the number of shopping choice in the market grows, clients will find the most enjoyable and satisfying experience for shopping. This is also a better way of reaching ones store’s changing customer base. This includes more shoppers of females and also the next shopper’s generation who would expect more interactive and entertaining shopping experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to maintain home improvement shoppers from shifting to other shopping alternatives like big boxes, the internet and mass merchandisers, the retailers require incorporating an updated merchandizing strategy so as to cultivate customer loyalty and sales based on preferences of consumers. Some of the emerging trends, with details on how the home improvement industry is incorporating these trends are outlined below. Accommodation for shopper’s need for entertainment competing with the increasing popularity of increasing sales during an uncertain economy and internet shopping one the only two major factors that drive the today’s trend towards entertainment in retailing according to Schaffner K who is the publisher of design ideas and displays searching for ways to get customers to interact with the produced products is the core of the retail tainment concept, according to Schaffner. He added that this strategy does not hurt while conducting it. Such thinking was behind sears’ new tool territory format which so far has implemented in 131 stores of mall nation wide with around 200 additional stores slated for format incorporation this year (Brand 1963, pg 85).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tool territory concept was created from consumer’s point of view and its caters to how the stores target clients –male-d-i-years-prefers to stores. The purpose of designing the tool territory was to be an interactive playground for men according to Costello Larry who is a senior manager in communications for sears. He further explains that, sears created a tusk force to research for customer’s requirements and expectations especially when shopping for tools. The study concluded that, individuals want to interact with tools and also experience their features in the stores. In incorporating these hands on approach to buying tools, sears have positioned a strategy of â€Å"try me† stations in several locations within the hardware department. For instance, if a client is deciding which item to purchase, like hammer, he or she can first try it our by hitting it on a free standing metal spike that has been placed in front of hammer display. Prospective buyers of power drills can pick up on the drills displayed outside the boxes on light displays with signed, and use it to make a hole in a well placed block of wood (Shilburg 2003, pg 231).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With all consumer packed goods or items available and the notice able changes in effective displays of merchandizing and the market place promotions, it becomes very hard for a consumer to come up with proper decisions. Manufacturers and retailers should start to cut through this clutter by having simplified shopping experiences the latest research conducted from the information researchers has not covered the early indicators that point to consumer centric approach to emerging merchandizing consequently, merchandizing as it is defined today is likely to undergo major of transformations. By considering the emerging trend, trends report and the latest times and also the growing demand for a consumer centric approach, the world’s largest provider of enterprise market information services and solutions for the customer package goods, health care industries and retail, explores trends in practicing merchandizing, including displays, new practices of innovations like manufacturers embark up on this transformation, customer packaged goods and temporary price reductions. As the retailers reduce the grocery display space, manufacturers require innovative merchandizing devices that should have a stress to the importance of consumer centric merchandizing to provide more profitable rewards in order to feature and complete space during the next several years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketers should step up merchandizing innovation in have the shopping experience simplified, to have a break through the clatter and have better alignment with consumer segments and their patterns of shopping. The Information Resources Inc report aimed at helping the consumer packaged goods manufacturers and retailers to see new risks and opportunities that will arise with the new trends of merchandizing so that they can be able to act on the insights with confidence and speed and win at the shelf (Beck man 1967,pg 421).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the past several years, merchandizing activity has been declining in more than half of all the customer packaged goods categories as the CPG marketers start to realize that, more of anything is not better with respect to merchandizing. Through development of new store formats and pronounced focus on perimeter upscale and departments, uncluttered layouts, a competition for shrinking grocery display space has intensified for various categories. Merchandizing is perceived as an effective sales driver as the majority of consumer categories gain an average volume lift of around fifty percent or more with around 25 percent reacting 100 percent when the tactics of merchandising are applied. References Beckman T, (1967). Marketing. New York. Brand E, (1963). Modern Supermarket Operation. New York. Phelps D, (1936).Migration of Industry to South America. New York. Shilbury D, (2003). Strategic Sport Marketing. Crows Nest. Varley R, (2001), Retail Product Management in Buying and Merchandising. London.